Má v dnešním chaosu ještě smysl vytvářet strategii?
V teorii managementu existuje mnoho způsobů, jak se dá přistupovat ke strategii firmy. V příspěvku se autor snaží podívat na hlavní principy několika postupů tvorby strategie a zvláště se pak zamýšlí nad tzv. Učící se školou.
Řada managerů tvrdí, že při dnešním překotném vývoji je skoro nemožné vymýšlet dlouhodobé strategie na základě analýzy dat z trhu. Přitom ještě před dvanácti lety nikdo nepochyboval o funkčnosti klasických, analytických nástrojů pro tvorbu strategie. Asi nejznámějším představitelem tvorby strategie pomocí analýzy je profesor strategie na Harvard Business School Michael Porter.
Jeho velkým kritikem je Henry Mintzberg, profesor managementu na McGill University v Montrealu. V knize Vzestup a pád strategického plánování tvrdě kritizuje strategické plánování, které podle něho vede organizace k tomu, že zůstávají v zajetí teoretických modelů a ztrácejí smysl pro realitu, která je na rozdíl od strategických modelů komplexní a nestrukturovaná.
Podle Mintzberga manageři ve skutečnosti reagují na situace které se nečekané objevují a snaží se buď vyhnout neštěstí, nebo je co nejlépe využít. Tím vytvářejí tzv. „emergent" strategie, které nevycházejí z žádných teoretických analýz, ale přímo z praktických situací.
Mintzberg tak naznačil nový myšlenkový směr, který později vedl k formulování tzv. „Učící školy" strategie. Základem učící školy je citlivá adaptace na změny v prostředí, testování nových koncepcí a především rychlé vyhodnocování a náprava chyb.
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Komentáře
Ahoj Honzo, v mé firmě se zrovna řeší strategie společnosti do roku 2010 (jsme IT firma) a rád bych i na toto téma udělal Master Project. Po přečtení této úvahy se mi zdá, že bych měl jít raději prodávat párky v rohlíku, než dělat zbytečné věci... Robert, MBA 6
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